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The problem is not so much different types, how do you accommodate them? Above I mentioned by former boss (who was blind) and his objections to handicap ramps on sidewalks. It shows the dispute between people who are blind and people who are in wheelchairs.
One of the problem with the ADA was the various attempts to meet it goals. Lets look at some bad attempts (all from the 1990s):
1. A collage in the South wanted to make in Chapel wheel chair accessible. The Collage hired an Architect who designed a beautiful marble ramps for the Chapel. The problem was the Ramp, being marble was a death trap for anyone in a Wheel Chair when it rain. Unlike Concrete, the marble provided no traction in the rain. It made it impossible to go up in the rain, and impossible to STOP going down in the rain.
2. Another Collage (Collages did some stupid things when the ADA first passed) built a handicap accessible restroom for its handicap students. When it was finished, the local handicap groups were contacted to look over the restroom. The problem was no one in a Wheelchair could get to the Rest room, for it was in a non-accessible part of the building. The Dean had the honor of telling the handicap how good this restroom was for the handicap after he had learned the handicap could NOT get to the Rest room.
3. The State of Pennsylvania in the 1990s built a new wing for the State Capital. Smooth, ramps everywhere and a beautiful deep underlay and thick Carpet laid everywhere. Great for walking, but I knew someone who went to the wing in a Wheelchair after it opened and could not propel his wheelchair for the carpet and underlay was so thick, the roll resistance was to much for him to push his wheel chair through the hallway. Worse his state representative was beside him and tried to help, and could NOT push the wheel chair.
4. Harvard University decided to make all of their elevators wheelchair accessible by moving the controls to the back of the Elevators and lowing them to waist level. Again no one asked the local handicap groups, but then invited them in to look over the changes. One of the first handicap person rolled his wheel chair in, like he was trained to do (as ALL wheel chair people are trained to do) backward and looked for the controls. He then asked the Dean where was the controls and was told they were behind him to make it easier for wheel chair people to use. He then told the dean that NO ONE IN A WHEELCHAIR GOES IN FRONTWARD, they all go in backward and thus the change made it IMPOSSIBLE for a person in a wheelchair to use the elevator.
Now, compared the above to the Sear Tower, who did what NONE of the above did. The Sears tower went to local handicap groups and asked them what would make the Sears tower easier for them to use. The various groups provided suggested which the Sears Tower adopted. Sears said it cost them about $1000 to make the Sears Tower 100% ADA compliant. Among the things the handicap groups mentioned was to provide wooden dials to the receptionists so people in Wheel Chair could ask for one (or be given one). The purpose of the dials was so the person in the Wheel Chair could reach the buttons in the Elevators. No need to lower the buttons, just set up a way so the handicap could use them.
In many ways, the ADA only requires "reasonable Accommodations". My Boss at that time was blind, but he worried about ADA requirements for he had no wheelchair usable restrooms in his office or on his floor. I told him that given the age of the building, the ADA did NOT require a retrofire (But since I work for an agency that get Federal Government we had to meet ADA requirements). As to those ADA requirements, two floors down was a wheel chair usable restroom. We had an elevator so that people can use that restroom so we were ADA compliant. When we moved the office a few years later we made sure we moved to a building whose restrooms where also ADA compliant (and this time on the same floor AND even in out own office).
The ADA requires "Reasonable Accommodations" not ideal accommodations for handicap people. Reasonable is up to a Jury to decide if the case is ever litigated, but it means something more then doing nothing but also does not mean spending money on marginal improvements. The ADA also means you must do more then just meet some sort of Spec, accommodations means input from the local handicap community, Sears did it best and ended up paying the least of the five example above. The reason was Sear sought and obtain input from the local handicap groups and what they saw what was needed NOT trying to meet some sort of specification.
As to the ramps away from the entrance. Most of the cases where I see that is in older buildings (i.e pre-1990) that some how tried to meet ADA requirements by providing some sort of handicap ramp. By definition the Ramp had to be close to the handicap parking spaces. Now it is possible that some handicap people can climb stairs (or just a step), but in most such cases no one even thought of such handicap people, they thought of term of wheelchair users. Buildings built since 1990 tend to design handicap accommodations right into the design, so it is rarely a problem in such post 1990 designs. The problem is the pre-1990 designs and how to make them handicap usable at the least costs. Ramps and Spaces away from entrances are often the cheapest solution.
Remember, if you have a space in front of the building reserved for the Handicap BUT the Handicap ramp is somewhere else, you have a good possibility of someone in a wheel chair going to a spot marked "Handicap" and find out he has to go to the end of the sidewalk and then back to use the ramp. When he used the ramp he then has to go by where his or her car is and pass it to enter the store. On the way out he or she had to go by it again, go to the ramp and return to his or her car. Many handicap people would complain of such a spot. The solution is to make sure the Ramp and Handicap spot is by the entrance, but that is NOT always possible. The key is what is reasonable, most juries will NOT view a spot away from the Ramp as reasonable, but would view a spot next to a ramp reasonable even for someone who does NOT need to use a ramp.
The best solution is a spot and ramp near the entrance, but sometime such a retrofit is impossible. In such cases we have to work with such locations and help them do the best solution possible at the lowest cost that does help the most.
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