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honest with your son. Tell him no one really knows what happens to people after they die but you are sure that they can no longer get hurt or feel sad (I'm assuming you feel sure about that, if not, leave it off.) Explain the concept of Heaven very simply, as in "Some people believe that after people died, their souls go to live somewhere else, where they are with God and Jesus, and are happy." You can say "Grandma and Grandpa believe that" or "Aunt Mary believes that" or otherwise give him a reference, even if it's just "Fr. Joe believes that" or "Many Catholics believe that." You can tell him you're just not sure, although it is a nice thought and you hope it's true. (Obviously, use your own wording, and don't lie about what you believe.)
This is how I approached it as a mom, starting in 1970, and I was going through my heavily agnostic period back then. You can raise kids to be quite spiritual without lying to them and you can reassure them about death even when you're not at all confident about what it all means. There are some good books to help children learn about death; one old,old classic your library will surely have is "The Dead Bird." (I think it was first published in the Forties.) There are newer ones, too. Just pick one up now and then along with other library books to read to him, and be ready to answer any questions that come up. I'm not saying your boy will never be afraid of death, just that you can help a lot. (Watch out for TV; I had to explain "partial birth abortion" to a horrified six year-old who heard a detailed description on TV in mid-day in the seventies. And kids will scare themselves watching scary movies, too.)
I think you can raise a kid to be a good Catholic as well as quite spiritual if you approach it right but I wasn't Catholic in my child-raising days. Still, I know I would have communicated that I had doubts myself and that it's OK to have doubts. And, later on, I would have discussed CDC lessons and encouraged going beyond them to learn more. Like you, I'd have never used Hell as a threat. The Church says that we don't know if anyone is in Hell and we pray for all to be saved, which seems like the right way of thinking to me. We try to be good because God wants us to be good and because we feel better when we are good. I believe in natural law; I believe that kids know right from wrong and that it takes some real screw-ups in parenting to overcome their natural sense of right and wrong. That doesn't mean they don't need to be taught anything about morality, just that they catch on very easily and want to do the good thing.
The other approach to the problem is for you to deal with your own doubts as well. Maybe you can find a priest to talk to? If you don't like that idea, how about some good books? I think almost everyone goes through a lot of doubt and rebellion about organized religion in early-mid adulthood (and it's bullshit, BTW, to think Catholics hold the patent on inducing guilt in kids; I could tell you some hair-raising tales of Protestant guilt). Some abandon religion, or at least Christianity, entirely, others work through it without throwing the baby out with the bathwater and that seems to be what you want to do. It can be done and I hope you'll succeed.
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