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we're having just such a discussion on one of the Quaker listserves I subscribe to.
If anyone actually understands Job, and it's doubtful anyone actually does, then this question will be answered.
The story is pretty simple-- God makes a bet with Satan that Job won't deny him no matter how bad things get. Things get really, really bad, and, to top it off, Job's friends are all telling him it's his fault.
So, Job remains faithful, and gets everything back a hundredfold. Even a new wife and kids to replace the ones who were killed during the game.
And some new friends.
On the surface, this is simply a test of faith but there are nuances there that make it much more than that. And make it difficult to believe that this really happened, not an allegorical myth. An Old Testament parable.
The bet is with Satan, not with Job. Job is merely an instrument for God to show his power and dominance over Satan. Even when he appears to Job, he never talks about wisdom, glory, or whatever, but only about his power. And he doesn't let on to Job that this is all about a wager. He also does not cause the suffering himself, but allows Satan to do the dirty work, and Satan has a leash.
Job is us. Things happen that we are not aware of in the grander scheme of things. God is just, but does what we consider strange things, and in God's world, justice is never exactly the way we see it.
The Quaker view of things is that we don't generally attempt to define God and we don't think much at all about Satan. What we do have is the concept of The Light, which is "that of God in all of us." It's not exactly pantheism, but that will do for the sake of this discussion.
When disasters, or what coud be considered evil, occurs, we don't agonize over the transcendant causes, since no one is telling us why it happened and we probably could never understand them anyway.
Living in the Light is taking Donne's "no man is an island" perhaps a step or two further. It connects us all, through God, and we are one, for better or for worse. It is not worthwhile to question the reasons for things we cannot understand, but it is most definitely our place to do what we can on this planet. When things happen, we might muse upon why in our spare time, but pimarily we feel the pain of all suffering and do what we can to ease it.
Our place is to do as best we can here on Earth, and God can take care of himself quite well enough without our help or understanding.
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