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noamnety Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Wed Jun-13-07 10:08 AM
Original message
The lazy feminist's compilation thread of studies and references
I need a place to store all those fine studies I like to refer to while explaining gender bias and whatnot on other forums - I am tired of searching through a bajillion threads and books trying to locate references I stumbled across in the past.

One thing in particular I lost, which is the kick in the butt making me create this thread now - there was an article not so long ago talking about how women's salaries tend to be lower because they don't negotiate - but if they do negotiate, they are less likely to get the job because they are perceived as out for themselves and cold. If anyone's got that bookmarked and feels like posting it here, that would be sweet.
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noamnety Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Wed Jun-13-07 10:11 AM
Response to Original message
1. gender and pay: references
Edited on Wed Jun-13-07 10:14 AM by lwfern
Pay difference isn't the result of time off work for childrearing.

After adjusting for "annual hours worked, time out of the labor force, work experience, highest education achieved, full-time versus part-time schedule, length of unemployment, tenure, occupation, industry, self-employment status, and numerous demographic variables," the pay gap that remained, based on gender alone (not habits attributed to gender like child-rearing), was 21%. Before the adjustments, the average pay for a man was $35,942 and for a woman, $16,554. (pg. 29)
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d0435.pdf

Women are perceived as less qualified, even if they present the same credentials.

-- A study investigating the peer review process for awarding postdoctoral fellowships from the Swedish Medical Research Council found that to be awarded the same competence score as a male colleague, a female scientist needed to publish approximately 3 extra papers in Science or Nature, or 20 extra papers in excellent specialist journals (Wenneras and Wold, 1997).

-- A study of randomly chosen academic psychologists showed that both men and women were more likely to vote to hire a male applicant over a female applicant with identical records, giving more weight to teaching, research, and service experience of the male applicant. (Steinpres, Anders, and Ritzke, 1999).

Comparison of men's and women's wages correlated to education level


Data points for that: http://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2003/oct/wk3/art04.txt
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iverglas Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Wed Jun-13-07 04:13 PM
Response to Reply #1
3. some places are worse than others
Canadian figures came out the other day, and I was looking for them, and found this:

http://www.theadvertiser.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070613/OPINION01/706130327/1014/OPINION
Women in Louisiana fight an uphill economic battle. The Institute for Women's Policy Research, a non-profit organization dedicated to researching policy issues of critical importance for women, reported last year that economic opportunities for women in our state are the second worst in the nation. Only Arkansas offers fewer opportunities.

Louisiana remains a state with a wide disparity between the earnings of men and that of women doing the same or similar work. A study three years ago by IWPR showed the highest-paid female group made 25 percent less than the highest-paid male group.

The state Legislature had an opportunity in the current session to change this unacceptable situation. Lawmakers let the opportunity slip away. ... The defeated bill, by Rep. Willie Hunter, D-Monroe, covered the issue well. It would have barred "discrimination against an employee on the basis of sex by paying wages to an employee at a rate less than that of another employee for the same or substantially similar work on jobs to which their performance requires equal skill, effort, education and responsibility and which are performed under similar working conditions, including time worked in the position."

Equal pay is only one of the issues facing women that should be addressed by the Legislature. Turning again to the IWPR survey, more than 18 percent of Louisiana women live below the poverty line. This is shameful when compared to states such as New Hampshire, where only 6.6 percent of women live in poverty.
It goes on to talk about health care coverage ...


Here's what I was after, anyhow:

http://www.thestar.com/Business/article/224615
A Statistics Canada study released yesterday found university educated women in their 20s earned 18 per cent less than men from 1991 to 2001. This was only slightly better than in 1991, when women earned 20 per cent less than men.

... The study's authors, Marc Frenette and Simon Coulombe, say that although the statistics were based on data going back to 2001, the latest evidence shows the gap is closing further in favour of women.

... Wendy Cukier, founder of the Diversity Institute in Management and Technology, a research centre that looks at diversity and gender issues in the workplace, says women have been making strides since the Statistics Canada data have been analyzed.

... Cukier, the Diversity Institute founder and also associate dean of the Ted Rogers School of Management at Toronto's Ryerson University, said although "overt" acts of discrimination were addressed in the 1980s and 1990s, there are still barriers – at individual, organizational and societal levels – that are "less obvious."

Those "systemic barriers" include stereotypes of women, their own self-confidence and assertiveness and the "informal network" whereby promotions are made mostly among men. "Often things are done at the golf course or at the hockey games," Cukier said. "There is research that shows a lot of the barriers we see are less visible than the real overt forms of discrimination."

Cukier is one of the good ones (she's also part of the international conspiracy to get the Big World Government to take away all god-fearin' 'murikkans' guns, doncha know), so I'd have faith in her assessment that things actually are getting better faster these days, up here.

Mind you, I'd want to see what's happening in the non-university grad world. I wasn't paying attention to the TV report the other day, but I believe it was saying what has long been true: that men with completed high school still make significantly more than women with that level. My own impression is that the sex-based division of labour in that segment of the population is much more notable, and the wage differences also more significant.


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noamnety Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Jun-17-07 08:53 PM
Response to Reply #1
4. Gender Bias in Hiring (orchestras)
To overcome bias, most major U.S. orchestras began to broaden and democratize their hiring procedures in the 1970s and 1980s, advertising openings, allowing orchestra members to participate in hiring decisions and implementing blind auditions in which musicians audition behind a screen that conceals their identities but does not alter sound.

(snip)

Among musicians who auditioned in both blind and non-blind auditions, about 28.6 percent of female musicians and 20.2 percent of male musicians advanced from the preliminary to the final round in blind auditions. When preliminary auditions were not blind, only 19.3 percent of the women advanced, along with 22.5 percent of the men.

Using data from the audition records, the researchers found that blind auditions increased the probability that a woman would advance from preliminary rounds by 50 percent. The likelihood of a woman's ultimate selection is increased several fold, although the competition is extremely difficult and the chance of success still low.

(snip)

Nelson recalled how sensitive she was to the gender issue while auditioning. She remembers being told in the 1980s to remove her shoes while walking to center stage behind a screen, so the judges would not hear the "clickety-clack" of a woman's high heels.


http://www.princeton.edu/pr/pwb/01/0212/7b.shtml
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iverglas Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Wed Jun-13-07 10:49 AM
Response to Original message
2. so I googled: women don't negotiate salaries

A book:

http://www.amazon.com/Women-Dont-Ask-Negotiation-Gender/dp/069108940X

Women Don't Ask: Negotiation and the Gender Divide (Hardcover)
by Linda Babcock (Author), Sara Laschever (Author)

Perhaps what the article was about?

I dunno; amazon is incomprehensible to me these days. I can't figure out when the damned book was published. It has its own website, though:

http://www.womendontask.com/

listing articles about it:

http://www.womendontask.com/articles.html

Google the book title and there's loads more, which might help.



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noamnety Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Mon Jul-02-07 06:52 PM
Response to Original message
5. Gender representation in the Media
To begin with, women are 51% of the U.S. population. But in prime time entertainment, there are twice as many male characters as female characters, with men representing 65% of that fictional population compared to their 49% share of the real population.

http://www.medialit.org/reading_room/article130.html

Where the Girls Aren’t: Gender Disparity Saturates G-Rated Films
Where the Girls Aren’t analyzes the pronounced imbalance in male and female characters which researchers documented. The researchers tracked the gender of speaking characters in three ways: characters, groups of characters, and narrators. The research found that, overall, three out of four characters (75 percent) are male, with similar patterns holding true when the data is analyzed from
multiple perspectives (major characters, characters in groups, movies released in the 1990s vs. the 2000s).

http://www.seejane.org/pdfs/where.the.girls.arent.pdf
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noamnety Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Jul-22-07 03:56 PM
Response to Original message
6. Violence stats
(copying this over here for safe keeping from Madspirit's thread)

Over 85% of the people who commit murder are men and the majority of the women who commit murder usually do so as a defense against men who have been battering them for years. 90% of the women in jail for murder are there for killing male batterers.

Women commit about 15% of all homicides.

More than 90 women were murdered every week in 1991; 9 out of 10 were murdered by men.

90% of people who commit violent physical assault are men. Males perpetrate 95% of all serious domestic violence.

The U.S. Department of Justice estimates that 95% of reported assaults on spouses or ex-spouses are committed by men against women.

It is estimated that 1 in 4 men will use violence against his partner in his lifetime.

99.8% of the people in prison convicted of rape are men.

81% of men who beat their wives watched their fathers beat their mothers or were abused themselves.

Studies have found that men are responsible for 80% to 95% of child sexual abuse cases whether the child is male or female.

The majority of victims of men's violence are other men (76% M, 24% F).

Out of 10,000 cases of road rage over 95% of them were committed by men.

76% of binge drinkers are young males.

Males cause 86% of all drinking and driving incidents.

One in 12, or 8.2 million women, will be stalked at some point in their lifetime. 80% of the women stalked by intimates had also been physically assaulted by them.

http://www.mediaed.org/videos/MediaGenderAndDiversity/ToughGuise/studyguide/html#sexualized
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