In 1991 Condoleeza Rice left the administration of George Bush Sr. where she was a specialist in Soviet relations. The same year she joined the board of San Francisco-based multinational oil company Chevron. Also in 1991, Chevron committed to investing $5 billion in the Tenghiz oil fields in Kazakhstan. Chevron is the largest oil company member of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium, and has a 45 percent ownership interest with the Republic of Kazakhstan in Tengizchevroil, formed in 1993. A proposed 900-mile pipeline would link the Tenghiz oil fields to the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk in Russia.
Meanwhile in the Sudan, bin Laden continued his criticism of the Saudi Royal family. His personal secretary during this time was Wadih El Hage. Some time before 1993, during the administration of George Bush Sr., the Saudis reportedly dispatched hit squads to Khartoum with a contract on bin Laden's life. In 1994 Saudi Arabia took the unprecedented step of revoking bin Laden's citizenship.
A declassified State Department report dated August 1996 reports that while in the Sudan:
Bin Laden's company Al-Hijrah for Construction and Development, Ltd. built the Tahaddi road linking Khartoum with Port Sudan, as well as a modern airport near Port Sudan.
Bin Laden's import-export firm, Wadi al-Aqiq Company, Ltd. monopolized Sudan's major agricultural exports: vegetable gum, corn, sunflower, and sesame products, in cooperation with members of the governing political party.
Bin Laden capitalized Al-Shamal Islamic Bank in Khartoum, investing $50 million. This was a joint venture with wealthy NIF members. (NIF is the National Islamic Front, the governing political organization in Sudan at the time.)
By 1994 Bin Laden was financing at least three terrorist training camps in northern Sudan.
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