http://ncronline.org/NCR_Online/archives2/2006c/092206/092206z.htmU.S. and Iran: a tangled history<snip>Such questions, however, cannot be raised apart from the consequences that flowed from U.S. involvement in Iran’s internal affairs beginning in the mid-1950s. Mohammad Mossadegh came to power in Iran in 1951. He was a European-educated aristocrat who, according to author Steven Kinzer in his recent book, Overthrow, “believed passionately in two causes: nationalism and democracy.”
The nationalism part got him in trouble. The British had dominated Iran for decades and profited from oil deals that were highly exploitive of the Iranian resource. It is estimated the British company that controlled the oil business in Iran had earned more profit in a single year, 1950, than Iran had received in royalties the previous half century.
Mossadegh, who won the TIME Man of the Year award in 1952 and was described by the magazine as “the Iranian George Washington,” wanted Iranians to control Iranian oil.
The British, appalled that an upstart nation would entertain such a notion, tried a coup but were found out and kicked out of the country. Desperate to get back at Mossadegh, the British persuaded the United States to engineer the task by pushing a foolproof button -- they told newly appointed Secretary of State John Foster Dulles that Mossadegh was heading toward communism. That sealed the deal.
Dulles enlisted the newly created CIA to perform the deed and, against all assessments from U.S. intelligence in the field and the overwhelming evidence that Mossadegh was competent, revered by his people, progressive and in love with democracy, he was overthrown and replaced by an initially reluctant Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the shah of Iran, who had no great love of democracy. He did not tolerate dissent and he repressed, often brutally, all forms of opposition and expression. Those who disagreed with the government found safety in mosques, where religious leaders continued to oppose the government, and when the revolution finally came, they were its leaders. In effect, then, the United States and Britain seeded the backlash that manifested itself in November 1979 with the taking of U.S. hostages, and that continues to roil Iranian politics to this day.