http://blog.washingtonpost.com/thefix/Just days before Christmas -- paging a public relations professional! -- the U.S. Census Bureau released a slew of data documenting population growth in various states and regions across the country. At first glance, the numbers appear encouraging for Republicans. The ten states with the highest percentage population growth between July 1, 2005 and July 1, 2006 -- Arizona, Nevada, Idaho, Georgia, Texas, Utah, North Carolina, Colorado, Florida and South Carolina -- were carried by President George W. Bush in 2004.
Regionally, too, the highest population growth is in areas that are Republican-red. The states comprising the South gained 1.5 million people over the past year, and the region now accounts for 36 percent of the national population. The West picked up more than 1 million people in the same period and now makes up 23 percent of the population; the Midwest gained 281,000 people and represents 22 percent of the nation's population total. The Northeast, which produced Democratic gains in the House and Senate in 2006, added just 62,000 people and is now the smallest region of the country with 18 percent of the population.
But to understand the political implications of the population numbers we must look forward, not back. Following the 2010 Census, congressional district boundary lines across the country will be redrawn -- a process largely controlled by state legislatures and governors. Therefore, the party in control of the growing states following the 2010 election will largely determine whether Democrats or Republicans in future congressional elections will benefit from the population fluctuations.
On this micro-level, Republicans still look well-positioned. In six of the ten fastest growing states -- Idaho, Georgia, Texas, Utah, Florida and South Carolina -- the GOP controls the governorship as well as both legislative houses. Five of those states will host governor's races in 2010. The exception is Utah, where Gov. Jon Huntsman (R) is near certain to win in 2008. South Carolina and Georgia will host open-seat contests as term-limits will force Republican incumbents out of office in 2010. In Idaho and Florida, first-term GOP governors will likely stand for a second term. Texas Gov. Rick Perry, who was elected to a second term in November, is not bound by term limits.
Democrats control all three levers of the redistricting process in just two states: North Carolina and Colorado. North Carolina Gov. Mike Easley (D) is term limited in 2008 and both sides are gearing up for a major fight. In Colorado, Democrats have made major gains over the past two elections (the latest triumph being the election of Gov.-elect Bill Ritter (D) in November) and they should feel good about the 2012 elections.