Imports, economy spur freight railroad revival
By David Koenig
ASSOCIATED PRESS
April 1, 2006
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After a quarter-century of decline, freight railroads are enjoying a revival as a rising economy and a surge of imports from China has meant more goods than ever riding on the rails. Shippers, however, aren't sharing in the joy – the boom in rail traffic means bottlenecks, declining service and longer delays getting their goods to market.
The reasons for the railroads' turnaround are varied. Demand for coal helps, as does a pickup in agricultural shipments. And truckers that compete with rail have raised their prices and face a shortage of drivers that has slowed service. But clearly one of the biggest factors is the boom in imports from China and other Asian countries. Those goods, from clothing to furniture, come into West Coast ports and are delivered by rail or truck to factories and stores nationwide. Shipping containers for Yang Ming, Cosco and Hyundai are common sights on trains leaving West Coast ports.
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Burlington Northern expects imports to help push traffic on transcontinental rail lines up 6 percent to 10 percent a year. The company has several ideas for handling the extra load. The railroad plans to use longer trains, up to nearly two miles long. It is testing automated systems that put trains closer together while still providing safe braking distance, which it believes could raise capacity 15 percent to 20 percent. (Union Pacific plans to test similar technology around Spokane, Wash.)
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Burlington Northern plans to spend $400 million this year on expansion, not counting buying 320 locomotives, which will push its fleet above 5,000. Omaha, Neb.-based Union Pacific says it will spend $305 million adding track in the West and improving rail yards and another $180 million on ethanol-shipping facilities in Iowa and Minnesota. The Association of American Railroads says its members plan to spend a record $8.2 billion this year on capital improvements, a 20 percent jump over last year. They also have aggressive hiring goals – 4,600 this year at Burlington Northern, 3,500 to 4,000 at Union Pacific – although much of it is replacing retiring workers. The railroads have money for this kind of spending because 2005 was a very good year. Strong demand allowed them to raise rates, sometimes by double digits. Revenue rose more than 18 percent at Burlington Northern and 11 percent at Union Pacific. Profits more than tripled at CSX and jumped nearly 40 percent at Norfolk Southern.
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Despite their recent success, the railroads say they shouldn't shoulder the burden of costly expansion by themselves. Railroad officials point out that their competition, trucking, benefits from federal spending on highways. The railroads are supporting a proposal in the works by Sen. Trent Lott, R-Miss., to give them a tax credit for spending that expands the nation's rail network.
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