For a detailed timeline, go
here.
Here is the amended complaint:
http://www.nvri.org/about/ohio_cobb_badnarik_amended_091905.pdf-snip-
FIRST CONSOLIDATED AMENDED COMPLAINT OF PLAINTIFFS IN CASE NO.
3:04CV7724 AND OF COUNTER-PLAINTIFFS IN CASE NO. 3:05CV7286
I. NATURE OF THE ACTION1. Plaintiffs and Counter-Plaintiffs David Cobb and Michael Badnarik and other
Plaintiffs seek a declaration that the procedures established by Ohio Secretary of State J.
Kenneth Blackwell for the recount of votes in elections in Ohio for President of the United States
violate the United States Constitution and other applicable law. They also seek injunctive relief
remedying these procedural defects.
2. Plaintiffs and Counter-Plaintiffs do not request the remedy of a new recount of
the 2004 vote in Ohio. Rather, they ask the Court to address procedural defects that are of
Constitutional magnitude, that are capable of repetition in future Presidential elections yet that
would evade appropriate review absent the instant suit.
3. These fundamental defects in Secretary Blackwell’s recount procedures include
the following, each of which was demonstrated in the recount of the 2004 Presidential election
vote:
• A built-in delay in the certification of the initial vote count that denies sufficient time for
the recount of the Presidential election vote to be completed and the results of the
recounted vote to determine the election in Ohio for President of the United States;
• Inadequate procedures to preserve and secure ballots, voting machines and other voting
materials;
• Inadequate standards for the random selection of the initial 3% of the statewide votes to
be hand counted in the recount;
• The absence of procedures to conduct a recount of votes cast on electronic voting
machines; and
• Inadequate procedures to ensure uniform and proper treatment throughout the state of
access by recount observers to provisional, absentee, and spoiled ballots, to poll books, to
voting machines and to other materials.
4. These defects in the recount of votes cast in Ohio in the 2004 Presidential election
are likely to occur again under Secretary Blackwell or his successors, who are likely to use the
2004 Presidential recount practices or ones essentially the same, absent judicial intervention and
resolution of the issue raised in this action.
-snip-
Here is the judge's ruling dismissing the case:
http://www.nvri.org/about/yost_order_020706.pdf-snip-
DiscussionSecretary Blackwell raises a sovereign immunity defense and contends plaintiffs’ claim is
not yet ripe. Because I find sovereign immunity is a bar to this cause of action, I need not address
the ripeness issue.
The Eleventh Amendment bars suits against states in federal court unless the state expressly
consents to suit or Congress unequivocally abrogates the immunity. Pennhurst State Sch. & Hosp.
v. Halderman, 465 U.S. 89, 98 (1984). There exists an exception to this general rule for suits against
Secretary Blackwell’s actions allegedly conflicted with Ohio election law. Though that is state law,
plaintiffs contend their claim comes within the Young exception because it is federally authorized
state law. At least one federal court has offered support for this position. Verizon Del., Inc. v. AT &
T Comm. of Del., LLC, et al., 326 F. Supp. 2d 574, 589 (D.Del. 2004) (Eleventh Amendment no bar
to cause of action against state official on state law theory where federally delegated power is at
issue). Because plaintiffs’ claim falls outside the Young exception for other reasons, I do not reach
this question.
state officers for prospective injunctive relief to prevent a continuing violation of federal law. Ex
parte Young, 209 U.S. 155-56, 159 (1908).
Here, plaintiffs claim their suit comes within the Young exception. While plaintiffs seek
prospective injunctive relief and Secretary Blackwell’s actions arguably conflict with federal law,1
the alleged violation is not a continuing one and sovereign immunity therefore bars this cause of
action. The Young exception only allows suits where “a violation of federal law by a state official
is ongoing as opposed to cases in which federal law has been violated at one time or over a period
of time in the past.” Papasan v. Allain, 478 U.S. 265, 277-78 (1986).
Here, Secretary Blackwell’s alleged violation occurred more than a year ago. Because
Secretary Blackwell limited the effect of directive 2004-58 to the 2004 election, any alleged
violation is no longer ongoing. Consequently, this suit falls outside the Young exception.
ConclusionFor the foregoing reasons, it is therefore,
ORDERED THAT defendant’s motion to dismiss be, and the same hereby is, granted.
So ordered.
s/James G. Carr
James G. Carr
Chief Judge
-snip-