If you don’t have insurance
About 46 million Americans—15 percent of the population—lack health insurance. The number of uninsured people ages 50 to 64 has grown 36 percent since 2000, to 7.1 million. Men and women in this group face higher premiums because they are older and usually have some health issues.
• House bill:
Anyone without health insurance must pay a fine -- 2.5 percent of income. People could purchase insurance through a health insurance exchange, where choices include competing private companies and a government option. Poor families’ premiums would be subsidized depending on income. Premiums for those over 60 could only be twice as high as those under 60. Both the House and Senate bill would cover about 94 percent of Americans.
• Senate bill:
People who don’t purchase coverage must pay a penalty of between $750 or 2 percent of income. People could purchase insurance through a health insurance exchange, where choices include private companies and a government option.
If you’re covered by Medicare
Some 44 million people—more than 11 percent of the population—are over age 65 and covered by Medicare.
• House bill:
The HHS Secretary would be authorized to negotiate drug prices. Costs of brand-name prescription drugs in the drug plan’s coverage gap—the doughnut hole—would be cut in half and the gap closes completely by 2019. The life of the Medicare trust fund is extended by five years. The bill aims to eliminate $170 billion in overpayments to Medicare Advantage programs, which currently make the cost of those plans 14 percent higher than traditional Medicare. It would provide $15 billion in payments to skilled nursing homes and rehabilitation centers; and provide Medicare coverage for doctors giving end-of-life counseling.
• Senate bill:
Prices in the brand-name prescription drug coverage gap are cut in half starting in 2014. Also, starting in 2010, the Medicare doughnut hole would start to be narrowed. The bill would extend the life of the Medicare Trust Fund by at least five years. It also would eliminate the overpayment, or subsidies, to Medicare Advantage programs; cut $15 billion in payments to skilled nursing homes and rehabilitation centers; and provide Medicare coverage for doctors giving end-of-life counseling.
If you’re insured by Medicaid
New plans would expand Medicaid by an estimated 11 million to 15 million people.
• House bill:
Medicaid expands. Families of four with income under $33,000 would be eligible. Families of four earning $88,000 would pay no more than 12 percent of their income for health insurance. Government subsidies would pay the rest.
• Senate bill:
Medicaid expands. Families of four with income under $29,326 (133 percent of poverty) would be eligible.
Financing the plan
• House bill:
Total cost: $1.05 trillion over 10 years. Individuals with income over $500,000 and families with incomes over $1 million would pay a 5.4 percent surtax. Costs would be financed by $400 billion in cuts to Medicare and Medicare Advantage.
• Senate bill:
Total cost: $871 billion over 10 years. Costs would be partially funded by about $420 billion in savings from future Medicare and Medicaid spending and $118 billion from Medicare Advantage. In addition, nearly $300 billion would come from new taxes and fees on health care insurers, clinical laboratories and manufacturers of health care devices. The payroll tax for Medicare would rise from 1.45 to 1.95 percent for those earning over $200,000 and a 10 percent excise tax on indoor tanning salons. The Senate also proposes an independent Medicare Advisory Committee authorized to impose Medicare cuts directly.
http://bulletin.aarp.org/yourhealth/policy/articles/reform_splash.html