The United Nations Conference on Climate Change, held in Bali, Indonesia, ended in success on Saturday, December 15, when the last remaining holdout, the United States, decided to join
the consensus. The conference had been slowly proceeding towards consensus for several days, but with a few days left, three countries – The U.S., Canada and Japan – were still holding out, thus posing the danger of a deadlocked conference.
Last minute petition driveWith time about to run out, a global citizen activist organization,
Avaaz.org, organized a last minute petition drive. The mission of Avaaz.org is:
to ensure that the views and values of the world’s people – and not just political elites and unaccountable corporations – shape global decisions. Avaaz.org members are taking action for a more just and peaceful world and a vision of globalization with a human face.
The petition that Avaaz used contained the
following simple message from the American people to conference delegates:
Please ignore President Bush's team – they do not represent the American people.
With only 24 to 48 hours notice, the petition was signed by tens of thousands of American citizens.
Avaaz describes that their activities included:
signing and spreading petitions to each of the governments, supporting ad campaigns in Bali and Canada, marches around the world, and phoning and lobbying elected officials. At the summit, Avaaz members brought the storm of public criticism inside the conference walls with the only march allowed inside the venue, the largest climate petition delivery in history, daily press conferences and "fossil awards" for the worst countries in the negotiations, and constant lobbying of officials.
The United States joins the consensusIn an article titled “
Bali: People Power Confronts Climate Change – Over 300,000 Avaaz Members Mobilize in 72 Hours”, Aavez describes what happened next:
The US – now completely isolated – still held out. In the final general session, a compromise proposal was suggested that was accepted by every delegation. The United States took the floor – and rejected it.
The world is used to letting the US have its way, but not this time. The assembled delegations let loose a chorus of boos. Nation after nation took the floor and sounded the chords of outrage. Just like hundreds of thousands of Avaaz members told them to do, our leaders stood firm.
Faced with this united front, the American representative asked to take the floor once more, and said simply, "The United States will join the consensus."
Peter Spotts, in the
Christian Science Monitor,
describes the process in some more detail:
When the head of the US negotiating team, Paula Dobriansky, took the floor, she said the US couldn't support the change. Since decisions here must be made by consensus, it looked as if the US would derail the process.
Dr. Dobriansky's "no" met with a chorus of boos. Other developing countries took the floor to support the change and roundly criticize the US.
Confronted with the prospect of overwhelming isolation, Dobriansky relented, saying, "We will join the consensus."
Many longtime observers say it was the most stunning reversal they had ever seen at one of these meetings.
"They caved!" said an astonished Philip Clapp, deputy managing director of the Pew Environment Group, based in Washington.
What the consensus meansAvaaz explains what the concluded agreement means:
This is just the beginning. Every nation of the world has now agreed that they will enter into accelerated negotiations and, by 2009, sign a new treaty to confront global warming. We need this treaty to set binding global targets for carbon emissions, and a mechanism for meeting them, that keep the earth's temperature from rising more than 2 degrees Celsius – the amount that scientists say would be 'catastrophic'. Such a treaty will change the world's economy forever, weaning us off oil and fossil fuels to cleaner sources of energy. Some leaders, in the pocket of the oil industry, will fight it tooth and nail all the way. And we will too. A great struggle to save our environment has begun, and this weekend, we showed together that the people of the world aren't intending to sit this one out…
It was not at all a complete victory – we are still far from the treaty with binding global targets that will stop catastrophic climate change. But the massive grass roots response to save the Bali Summit shows that a great people-powered movement to save our environment is stirring – and this is just the beginning.
Tom Athanasiou, writing for
Truthout,
voiced similar opinions:
To be sure, this is not a concrete success. Bali did not lay out national obligations, or even a global target, and its outcome is easy to criticize. I could do it myself, no problem. But the truth is that Bali was never going to lay out the details, or even a comprehensive framework. And it did manage to lay down the challenges, to be faced again in the real battle, the one that will be fought in two years time. Bali is all that was possible, and it's enough.
And adding to the concern that “this is only the beginning”, within hours of agreeing to the U.N. consensus the Bush administration started in with its usual flip flopping. White House Press Secretary
Dana Perino told the press:
The United States does have serious concerns because the U.N.-sponsored talks have not yet fully given effect to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities.
Specifically, commitments for emissions cuts cannot be required from developed countries alone, as that would be insufficient to reduce global warming and would be unfair. Major developing economies must likewise act…
How the 2008 elections are likely to influence U.S. participation in reducing global warmingAs noted above, the United Nations hopes to come to concrete international agreements by 2009 on plans for halting global warming. U.S. participation in that effort will be essential to its success. Clearly, the 2008 elections will be crucial in determining the direction of our country on this issue for the next several years.
The Council of Foreign Relations recently put out an article titled “
The Candidates on Climate Change”, in which they detailed the positions of all declared presidential candidates on this issue. They note with respect to a
May 2007 report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC) which said “The rise in global carbon emissions would need to cease by 2015 to stabilize global temperatures”, that there was a world of difference between the Democratic and Republican candidates’ response to that report:
Democratic candidates seized on the reports as evidence of a need for federal action on carbon emissions. Most Republican candidates, excepting Sen. John McCain, have been wary of embracing federally mandated controls on emissions.
They especially singled out for praise three of the Democratic candidates’ positions (though they were positive towards
all of the Democratic candidates - plus McCain):
John Edwards:The League of Conservation Voters has called Edwards’
plan to combat climate change, which would impose a cap that would reduce emissions by 80 percent by 2050, “the most comprehensive global warming plan of any presidential candidate to date.”
Dennis Kucinich:Rep. Kucinich (D-OH) has been one of the leading voices for legislation to stop climate change for the past several years. In this
interview with the BBC, Kucinich says the United States has a “moral responsibility to lead on the issue of climate change, since we create so many greenhouse gases here, and have a very large carbon footprint."
Joe Biden:Sen. Biden (D-DE) has been a prominent voice calling for legislation to stop climate change. In February 2007, after the release of the IPCC report,
Biden urged fellow lawmakers and President Bush to take action, saying, “We have wasted the past six years on the sidelines of international negotiations and our leadership is needed to produce a global solution.”
This is one more reason why we can’t afford to sit out the 2008 election even if there are a lot of things that we don’t like about the eventual Democratic nominee.