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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CynicismHistory of cynicism Cynicism was the ancient Greek philosophy, primarily concerned with virtue, whose followers were known as "The Dog Philosophers." They believed virtue was the only necessity for happiness, and that it was entirely sufficient for attaining happiness. The Cynics followed this philosophy to the extent of neglecting everything not furthering their perfection of virtue and attainment of happiness, thus, the title 'Cynics', derived from the Greek word 'kuon', 'dog' in English, was assigned them because they lived like dogs —neglecting society, personal hygiene, family obligations, pursuing money, et cetera— to lead entirely virtuous, and, thus, happy lives <1>.
They did not escape Socrates's ridicule.
After his enlightenment, Diogenes traveled throughout Greece, almost naked and without provisions; enjoying the sun, the warm weather, the beaches, and so gathered about him thousands of pilgrims who listened to his talks, pregnant with sarcastic remarks about society. Even Alexander the Great, en route to Asian campaigns once went to him. Diogenes advised him to renounce conquest, however, Alexander declined, with "resignation", believing his destiny already written; Alexander the Great died in the year 323 B.C., in Babylon.
When Diogenes died, a 'dog' (symbol of cynicism) was carved to his tombstone.Modern cynicism
Typically, the modern cynic is greatly skeptical of social norms, especially those of a purpose more ritualistic than practical, and tend to question the validity of much popular belief, morality, and wisdom. They prefer awareness of social and world matters to a frivolous, care-free attitude to life. Cynics center on the ideals of human nature: inevitable patterns of behaviour and thought, placing oneself first, stereotypes, and intolerance.
Despite the mainstream society's negative portrayal of cynics, some philosophers argue that they are people who “refuse to look through rose-colored glasses”, and do not fear openly criticising society's typical behaviours.
Extreme cynicism in a person may lead cynics to view themselves as de-personalized, self-serving inhabitants of a meaningless, facetious, shallow world.
In modern Greek slang, Starhidismos is the word describing a cynical attitude to life and one's relation to the State and society.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A19552214
Early Christianity
There has been some speculation about whether Jesus was heavily influenced by Cynicism. Indeed, there is a fair amount of evidence for this idea. It is generally agreed that the historical Jesus could speak Greek, and knew something about Greek culture, which would allow him easy access to Cynic teachings. The town of Goddarah, around 20 miles away from Nazareth, was a major settlement and probably home to an itinerant Cynic or two. And there is of course the parallel between the ascetic life of the Cynic preacher and the life of Jesus and his disciples, giving up their money and possessions in favour of a life of poverty. There is also the idea of the 'brotherhood of man' which comes through strongly in both. Jesus taught that the whole of humanity was your family, and this is very similar to the Cynic ideas of family. This idea would be quite shocking to a Jewish society because Judaism places very heavy influence on ties of blood. He challenged Judaism's social materialism and concentrated instead on spirituality - you get the picture by now. When you look at it, there are a huge amount of parallels between the teachings of Jesus and the Cynics (though not perhaps the early period's 'tub philosophy').
During the time of Jesus, the Roman Empire was home to a surprisingly large number of travelling Cynic preachers, so that even if there were none resident in the area it is quite probably he had some contact with them. But note the phrase quite probably; there is no actual evidence of an interface between the two at the time of Jesus.
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