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Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol (Glicol de Etileno y Glicol de Propileno) CAS# Ethylene Glycol 107-21-1 Propylene Glycol 57-55-6
This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions about ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. For more information, you may call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. This information is important because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. HIGHLIGHTS: Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are clear liquids used in antifreeze and deicing solutions. Exposure to large amounts of ethylene glycol can damage the kidneys, heart, and nervous system. Propylene glycol is generally regarded as safe for use in food. Ethylene glycol has been found in at least 34, and propylene glycol in at least 5, of the 1,416 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). What are ethylene glycol and propylene glycol?
Both ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are clear, colorless, slightly syrupy liquids at room temperature. Either compound may exist in air in the vapor form, although propylene glycol must be heated or briskly shaken to produce a vapor. Ethylene glycol is odorless but has a sweet taste. Propylene glycol is practically odorless and tasteless.
Both compounds are used to make antifreeze and de-icing solutions for cars, airplanes, and boats; to make polyester compounds; and as solvents in the paint and plastics industries. Ethylene glycol is also an ingredient in photographic developing solutions, hydraulic brake fluids and in inks used in stamp pads, ballpoint pens, and print shops.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified propylene glycol as an additive that is "generally recognized as safe" for use in food. It is used to absorb extra water and maintain moisture in certain medicines, cosmetics, or food products. It is a solvent for food colors and flavors.
Propylene glycol is also used to create artificial smoke or fog used in fire-fighting training and in theatrical productions. back to top What happens to ethylene glycol and propylene glycol when they enter the environment?
* Neither compound is likely to exist in large amounts in air. * About half of the compounds that enter the air will break down in 24-50 hours. * Both compounds break down within several days to a week in water and soil.
back to top How might I be exposed to ethylene glycol and propylene glycol?
* You can be exposed to ethylene glycol when you use antifreeze, photographic developing solutions, coolants, and brake fluid. * You can be exposed to propylene glycol by eating food products, using cosmetics, or taking medicine that contains it. * If you work in an industry that uses ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, you could be exposed by breathing or touching these substances.
back to top How can ethylene glycol and propylene glycol affect my health?
Eating or drinking very large amounts of ethylene glycol can result in death, while large amounts can result in nausea, convulsions, slurred speech, disorientation, and heart and kidney problems.
Female animals that ate large amounts of ethylene glycol had babies with birth defects, while male animals had reduced sperm counts. However, these effects were seen at very high levels and would not be expected in people exposed to lower levels at hazardous waste sites.
Ethylene glycol affects the body's chemistry by increasing the amount of acid, resulting in metabolic problems. Similar to ethylene glycol, propylene glycol increases the amount of acid in the body. However, larger amounts of propylene glycol are needed to cause this effect.
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