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from 1979 to 1992 and that's how it worked during that time.
I haven't kept up with SS financing issues since I left there, but the history as I understood it then was that there was a big surplus in the early years because there were relatively few retirees eligible for benefits and more and more workers through the '40's, '50's and '60's and wages grew with little inflation. Beginning in the '70's inflation began to grow and wages stagnated. Since SS taxes are based on wages while benefits increase with inflation, the Trust Fund declined but was still large. The good news beginning in the 1960's was that the baby boom was hitting the work force expanding the number of workers paying SS taxes, while the number of beneficiaries was relatively stable. The large bubble of workers helped the stability of the system.
Of course, the early edge of the baby boom generation will begin to retire soon. That won't have much an impact in the near future, but eventually the bubble will be in the number of retirees rather than in the number of workers (from the mid-1960's to the present) when the baby boomers were paying into SS. The generations after the baby boom aren't as large so there will be some pressure from fewer workers paying SS taxes and more beneficiaries.
There is a Trust Fund that excess taxes have been saved in. I believe it has about $2 trillion in it. It is controversial though, because the only type of investment the Trust Fund is allowed to make is in government bonds. In theory these bonds are earning interest for the Trust Fund. Since the Fund is growing, there has been no need to cash in those bonds to pay benefits. Indeed the Fund keeps buying more bonds. Some worry though that when the time comes that we need to tap into the Trust Fund, all that is there is a bunch of bonds the government kind of owes to itself.
I'm far from being an accountant. I just know that there's not $2.2 trillion in a bank account somewhere. It's all in the form of the bonds which some people worry the government may prove unable or unwilling to repay in the future. Others feel that if you can't trust the government, where would you rather have the money invested.
I'm sure if missed things here. But that's my experience working for SS years ago.
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