http://blog.wired.com/cars/2008/04/algae-farm-to-p.htmlAn Arizona energy company is betting big on algae. PetroSun Biofuels has opened a commercial algae-to-biofuels farm on the Texas Gulf Coast near scenic Harlington Harlingen Texas. The farm is a 1,100 acre network of saltwater ponds, 20 acres of which will be dedicated to researching and developing an environmental jet fuel.
PetroSun's gameplan is to extract algal oil on-site at the farms and transport it to company bideisel refineries via barge, rail or truck. The company plans to open more farms in Alabama, Arizona, Louisiana, Mexico, Brazil, and Australia in 2008.
Of all the options for future jet biofuel production, algae is considered one of the most viable. It yields 30 times more energy per acre than its closest competitor, and requires neither fresh water, arable land used for cultivation, or consumable food, giving it an advantage over ethanol. PetroSun asserts that an area the size of Maryland could produce enough algae biofuel to satisfy the entire fuel requirements of the United States.
Perhaps seeing the writing on the wall, the once skeptical Boeing is now said to be working with alternative fuel developers from around the world to accelerate alternatives to jet fuel, which at $110 a barrel is threatening to sink the major airlines. Continental has said that it will conduct a biofuel test flight next year, the first US airline to do so. Earlier this year, Virgin Atlantic flew a 747 partially powered by coconut and babassu oil. In addition to its commercial applications, PetroSun says, somewhat cryptically, that it is also working with a "government laboratory" to co-develop an algae-based fuel for military use.
Gordon LeBlanc, Jr., the CEO of PetroSun, is quoted as saying that the company's success is a combination of a superior technological approach, sheer luck, and a "redneck can-do attitude."
http://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/01/algae-based-jet-fuel-research-gets-25-million-boots-from-darpa.phpScience Applications International Corp. has announced that it has been awarded a $25 million contract by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, probably better known to readers as DARPA, to help develop an algae-based jet fuel for use by the US military. The target price for this alternative to petroleum-based jet fuel: $3/gallon. This is how SAIC will carry out the research:
The work SAIC has been contracted to do by DARPA will be done at facilities in Georgia, Texas, Hawaii and Florida, in two phases:
Phase 1 will concentrate on technology selection and development, pilot plant site analyses, system integration, and economic modeling and analysis, culminating in a lab-scale production capability, preliminary production facility design, and the delivery of samples for testing. SAIC will also develop detailed commercialization and qualification plans showing a path to commercial and military systems viability.
Phase 2 will focus on the final design, integration and operation of a pre-pilot scale production facility.
http://www.technologyreview.com/advertisement.aspx?ad=business&id=62&redirect=%2FBiztech%2F20319%2F%3Fa%3DfSolazyme, a startup based in South San Francisco, CA, has developed a new way to convert biomass into fuel using algae, and the method could lead to less expensive biofuels. The company recently demonstrated its algae-based fuel in a diesel car, and in January, it announced a development and testing agreement with Chevron. Late last year, the company received a $2 million grant from the National Institute of Standards and Technology to develop a substitute for crude oil based on algae.
The new process combines genetically modified strains of algae with an uncommon approach to growing algae to reduce the cost of making fuel. Rather than growing algae in ponds or enclosed in plastic tubes that are exposed to the sun, as other companies are trying to do, Solazyme grows the organisms in the dark, inside huge stainless-steel containers. The company's researchers feed algae sugar, which the organisms then convert into various types of oil. The oil can be extracted and further processed to make a range of fuels, including diesel and jet fuel, as well as other products.
The company uses different strains of algae to produce different types of oil. Some algae produce triglycerides such as those produced by soybeans and other oil-rich crops. Others produce a mix of hydrocarbons similar to light crude petroleum.
Solazyme's method has advantages over other approaches that use microorganisms to convert sugars into fuel. The most common approaches use microorganisms such as yeast to ferment sugars, forming ethanol. The oils made by Solazyme's algae can then be used for a wider range of products than ethanol, says Harrison Dillon, the company's president and chief technology officer.