aminopterin, melamine, or 2,4,5,6-tetraminopyrimidine (TAP) in wheat from China?

[eppur_se_muova]

kestrel91316 started a thread to which I posted:
http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=show_mesg&forum=389&topic_id=545184&mesg_id=545184

but I would like to call this info to the attention of vets, pharmacologists, biochemists, etc. I only just found this and do not know for certain, but there may be an alternative explanation for the apparent presence of aminopterin in pet food made from Chinese wheat. I will try to add more facts if/as I learn them.

"Note the common motif of -NH2 groups hanging off of 6-rings with at least two N's in alternate positions. This suggests that these compounds might be sufficiently similar to compete for binding to the same enzyme(s). Also suggests a test for aminopterin might give a false positive if melamine is present." (and I should have said, "and vice versa".)

http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.ph...

Aminopterin isn't likely be converted to melamine, but could be "mistaken" for it. Breakdown of aminopterin could (I'm somewhat guessing here, but it's based on "the usual patterns") lead to the molecule being broken roughly in two, with the two fused nitrogen rings (the "base" part) separating from the rest of the molecule (the "amino acid/peptide" part).


aminopterin


melamine: Flip this image UPSIDE DOWN and compare to the "left" half of aminopterin. (Any way to do this w/HTML?)

Hope that answers some of your questions. I'm not a biochemist or pharmacological chemist, so I don't know that much *in detail* about how drugs etc. interact with the body, but what I've given above is generally within the range of my expertise.


EDIT TO ADD: One other possible pathway of breakdown occurred to me -- after checking the Merck index, I found it is basically the reverse of the procedure used to manufacture aminopterin! It only involves hydrolysis, i.e. reaction with water, so seems very likely to occur either before or after ingestion -- could even happen on spoilage. The resulting compound would be 2,4,5,6-tetraminopyrimidine, structurally VERY similar to melamine, which could alternatively be named 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine, while the other could be named 2,4,5,6-tetramino-1,4-diazine. The similarity in names reflects the very similar structures: melamine has one less NH2 hanging off the side, one more nitrogen in the ring. I google the name to try to find a structure to post, and LOOK what I found: http://www.google.com/search?q=tetraminopyrimidine&hl=e... listing after listing of CHINESE suppliers. What are they making all that TAP for?? If they have that much of it, are they using it for rat poison? (It would be MUCH cheaper than aminopterin). Alternatively, they could be making some derivative similar to aminopterin but simpler, hence cheaper. This has me wondering: is the toxin in pet food really tetraminopyrimidine (let's call it TAP) rather than melamine? They are very similar, and it would be very easy to confuse them in *qualitative* analysis.

[WiseButAngrySara]

1. What is TAP used for? Is it also rat poison? ....n/t

[whistle]

2. Reports suggest it is used in fertilizer

[WiseButAngrySara]

3. Does it cause renal failure in animals? If not, the similarities

of chemical structures is moot. If it does, then the OP's observation seems valid.

[NorthernSpy]

7. I dunno, but its derivative methotrexate sure as hell does...

http://www.google.com/search?q=methotrexate+renal-failure&btnG=Search&hl=en


:scared:

[WiseButAngrySara]

8. It sure does. Thanks for the google link. ....n/t

[whistle]

13. Jesus H. Christ!

[lala_rawraw]

32. the chemo drug?

i have to take the periodically and when I do, my liver is tested (blood tests) every month.

[eppur_se_muova]

11. I can't find much in the way of toxicity data AT ALL. That's very surprising.

That would suggest lack of testing, not negative results. Any toxicologists out there have access to the necessary databases?

Two derivatives of this compound -- methoxotrexate and aminopterin -- have high pharmacological activity, and most of the references to TAP are actually references to similar derivatives being tested for pharmacological activity, not to the compound itself.

ON EDIT: Tried searching the chemical name at http://www.chemexper.com/ and found an MSDS. Seems to be a lot of "not available":

Language: EN
Country:

**** MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ****

2,4,5,6-Tetraaminopyrimidine sulfate, 98%

**** SECTION 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION ****

MSDS Name: 2,4,5,6-Tetraaminopyrimidine sulfate, 98%
Catalog Numbers:
13793-0000, 13793-0050, 13793-0250
Synonyms:
Company Identification (Europe): Acros Organics BVBA
Janssen Pharmaceuticalaan 3a
2440 Geel, Belgium
Company Identification (USA): Acros Organics
One Reagent Lane
Fairlawn, NJ 07410
For information in North America, call: 800-ACROS-01
For information in Europe, call: 0032(0) 14575211
For emergencies in the US, call CHEMTREC: 800-424-9300
For emergencies in Europe, call: 0032(0) 14575299

**** SECTION 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS ****

+----------------+--------------------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------+---------------+
| CAS# | Chemical Name | % | EINECS# |Haz Symbols| Risk Phrases |
|----------------|--------------------------------------|----------|-----------|-----------|---------------+
| 5392-28-9 |2,4,5,6-Tetraaminopyrimidine sulfate | 98% | 226-393-0 |||
+----------------+--------------------------------------+----------+-----------+-----------+---------------+
Hazard Symbols: XI
Risk Phrases: 36/37/38

**** SECTION 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION ****

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.

Potential Health Effects
Eye:
Causes eye irritation.
Skin:
Causes skin irritation. May be harmful if absorbed through the skin.
Ingestion:
May cause irritation of the digestive tract. May be harmful if
swallowed.
Inhalation:
Causes respiratory tract irritation. May be harmful if inhaled.
Chronic:
No information found.

**** SECTION 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES ****

Eyes:
Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes,
occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.
Skin:
Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15
minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes.
Ingestion:
Get medical aid. Wash mouth out with water.
Inhalation:
Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not
breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult,
give oxygen. Get medical aid.
Notes to Physician:
Treat symptomatically and supportively.

**** SECTION 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES ****

General Information:
As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in
pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full
protective gear.
Extinguishing Media:
Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or chemical foam.

**** SECTION 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES ****

General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated
in Section 8.
Spills/Leaks:
Vacuum or sweep up material and place into a suitable disposal
container. Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to
waterways. Avoid generating dusty conditions.

**** SECTION 7 - HANDLING and STORAGE ****

Handling:
Avoid breathing dust, vapor, mist, or gas. Avoid contact with skin
and eyes.
Storage:
Store in a cool, dry place. Store in a tightly closed container.

**** SECTION 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION ****

Engineering Controls:
Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped
with an eyewash facility and a safety shower. Use adequate
ventilation to keep airborne concentrations low.
Personal Protective Equipment

Eyes:
Wear chemical goggles.
Skin:
Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin
exposure.
Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin
exposure.
Respirators:
Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29
CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Always use
a NIOSH or European Standard EN 149 approved
respirator when necessary.

**** SECTION 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ****

Physical State: Crystalline powder
Color: ochre - brown
Odor: Not available.
pH: Not available.
Vapor Pressure: Not available.
Viscosity: Not available.
Boiling Point: Not available.
Freezing/Melting Point: > 300 deg C
Autoignition Temperature: Not available.
Flash Point: Not available.
Explosion Limits, lower: Not available.
Explosion Limits, upper: Not available.
Decomposition Temperature:
Solubility in water: slightly soluble
Specific Gravity/Density:
Molecular Formula: C4H8N6.H2SO4
Molecular Weight: 238.22

**** SECTION 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY ****

Chemical Stability:
Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
Conditions to Avoid:
Incompatible materials.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials:
Strong oxidizing agents.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
Hazardous Polymerization: Not available.

**** SECTION 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION ****

RTECS#:
CAS# 5392-28-9 unlisted.
LD50/LC50:
Not available.
Carcinogenicity:
2,4,5,6-Tetraaminopyrimidine sulfate -
Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, NIOSH, NTP, or OSHA.
See actual entry in RTECS for complete information.

**** SECTION 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION ****

Other
Avoid entering into waters or underground water.

**** SECTION 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS ****

Dispose of in a manner consistent with federal, state, and local regulations.

**** SECTION 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION ****

IATA
No information available.
IMO
No information available.
RID/ADR
No information available.

**** SECTION 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION ****

European/International Regulations
European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives
Hazard Symbols: XI
Risk Phrases:
R 36/37/38 Irritating to eyes, respiratory system
and skin.
Safety Phrases:
S 26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately
with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 37/39 Wear suitable gloves and eye/face
protection.
WGK (Water Danger/Protection)
CAS# 5392-28-9: No information available.
United Kingdom Occupational Exposure Limits

United Kingdom Maximum Exposure Limits

Canada
CAS# 5392-28-9 is listed on Canada's DSL List.
CAS# 5392-28-9 is not listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List.
Exposure Limits
US FEDERAL
TSCA
CAS# 5392-28-9 is listed on the TSCA inventory.

**** SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ****

MSDS Creation Date: 7/16/1996 Revision #2 Date: 1/04/2002

The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best
information currently available to us. However, we make no warranty of
merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to
such information, and we assume no liability resulting from its use. Users
should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the
information for their particular purposes. In no way shall the company be
liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party or for lost
profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary
damages, howsoever arising, even if the company has been advised of
the possibility of such damages.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[WiseButAngrySara]

14. Thanks eppur_se_muova! Hopefully someone will answer.

I read this on another thread and I'm glad to see that you posted it separately.

[WiseButAngrySara]

16. Gosh, you edited your post precisely at the same time I

posted mine! I'll have to read your updated one on the toxicology.

[eppur_se_muova]

19. Sorry about that! If I had seen a response already, I wouldn't have edited. nt

[hedgehog]

4. Instead of assuming that all the pet food contains the same contaminant,,

isn't it easier to assume that the wheat gluten was made up at different times from different batches of wheat? What about this scenario: the gluten manufacturer is able to undercut his competitors by making wheat gluten from wheat that has been condemned. The wheat could be purchased at different times from different brokers and mixed with good wheat to dilute any problems from contamination. Alternately, the manufacturer is doing dumb stuff like reusing 55 gallon drums without rinsing them properly or reusing tanker trucks, etc. SOme of the wheat gluten may be OK, some may be contaminated at sub-toxic levels and some is really bad.

[KoKo]

27. Interesting thought there. n/t

[whistle]

5. Hold on, these are three different substances, all of which appear

....dangerous:

<snip>
uses of tetraminopyrimidine

Oxidizing composition and uses for dyeing, for permanently reshaping or for bleaching keratin fibres
Background Detailed Description Claims

Pub. No / Pub. Date: 20040200012 / 14-Oct-2004
Inventor(s): Roland De La Mettrie, Le Vesinet (FR)
Jean Cotteret, Verneuil-sur-Seine (FR)
Arnaud De Labbey, Aulnay Sous Bois (FR)
Mireille Maubru, Chatou (FR)

Correspondence Address: FINNEGAN, HENDERSON, FARABOW, GARRETT & DUNNER
LLP
1300 I STREET, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20005 (US)
Assignee(s): L'Oreal S.A.
Serial No. / Filed Date: 10832390 / 27-Apr-2004
Foreign Application: 97/12361 (FR) / 3-Oct-1997
U.S. class: 8/405
International class: A61K 7/13
Related Application Data: continuation of application No. 09877031, filed on 11-Jun-2001

Abstract: The present application relates to a cosmetic composition intended for treating keratin fibres, comprising, in a support which is suitable for keratin substances: (a) at least one enzyme of 2-electron oxidoreductase type in the presence of at least one donor for the said substances; (b) at least one nonionic amphiphilic polymer containing at least one fatty chain and at least one hydrophilic unit; as well as to processes for treating keratin fibres, in particular processes for dyeing, permanently reshaping or bleaching the hair, using this composition.

http://www.patentdebate.com/PATAPP/20040200012

<snip>
uses of aminopterin

The antifolate activity of aminopterin was first used by Sidney Farber in 1947 to induce remissions among children with leukemia.<1><2> Aminopterin was later marketed by Lederle Laboratories (Pearl River, New York) in the United States from 1953 to 1964 for the indication of pediatric leukemia. The closely related antifolate methotrexate was simultaneously marketed by the company during the same period. Aminopterin was discontinued by Lederle Laboratories in favor of methotrexate due to manufacturing difficulties of the former.
<MORE>

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminopterin


<snip>
what is melamine?

Melamine is a synthetic polymer which is fire resistant and heat tolerant. Melamine is a very versatile material with a highly stable structure. Uses for melamine include whiteboards, floor tiles, kitchenware, fire retardant fabrics, and commercial filters. Melamine can be easily molded while warm, but will set into a fixed form. This property makes it ideally suited to certain industrial applications.

Melamine is manufactured by mixing urea with formaldehyde under heat and pressure. The substances begin to polymerize and are forced into a mold which will create the desired shape. Under pressure, melamine releases water, which could make the plastic unstable if it is not removed. The materials finish polymerizing and create a finished product, melamine.

Melamine is known as a thermoset plastic, because the plastic is fixed after molding. If exposed to enough heat, melamine will melt. For this reason, melamine dishware should not be exposed to high temperatures like those in the oven and microwave. However, the plastic is able to withstand higher temperatures than other plastics. Because it is a thermoset plastic, melamine is difficult to recycle.<MORE>

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-melamine.htm

[kestrel91316]

10. Melamine can't be the killer:

http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=show_mesg&forum=389&topic_id=545184&mesg_id=549486

[whistle]

12. So what would melamine be doing in wheat gluten? And...

...what are the other two substances doing in a food product?

[eppur_se_muova]

17. They might be using it as fertilizer. It might also be present as an impurity ...

in the fertilizer, if they are using "dicyandiamide", or cyanoguanidine, as fertilizer. This compound is mfgd on a huge scale from cyanamide (made by the "Cyanamide Process", after which American Cyanamid was named) easily converted to melamine, and probably contains melamine as a contaminant in "industrial grade" (i.e. shit quality) lots. Both compounds react slowly with water to produce ammonia, a sort of timed-release fertilizer.

Aminopterin was *reportedly* being used as a rodenticide in China. I'm now very skeptical, and would like to track down a good link to those reports. (Aminopterin was introduced by Lederle Laboratories, a division of American Cyanamid. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Cyanamid )

I'm very unsure about the uses of TAP aside from pharmaceuticals manufacture; there's very little info available on it except that Chinese merchants are selling it on dozens of Web sites. Perhaps it was being used for rodenticide? That's highly speculative, and I only suggest it in the hope that someone else might be able to answer the question.

[whistle]

26. Thanks, hopefully someone can shed light on TAP

[kestrel91316]

20. They are all three related substances, so i am gonna assume for now

that they all got in together.

Some are thinking contaminated shipping containers.......

Apparently some of the samples of wheat gluten contain 6.6% pure melamine. Yikes.

Also new thinking is that melamine levels that high MAY be far more toxic to cats than originally thought.

This mystery is a long way from being solved.

[eppur_se_muova]

21. Wow! Got a link for that 6.6%? Also, is it clear that they really mean melamine itself,

and not a melamine-derived resin? Melamine, together with formaldehyde, can be used to generate a polymer foam. Maybe this foam was mixed in with powdered wheat gluten to adulterate it?? Highly speculative on my part, but cutting food meal with "inert" powders like chalk is one of the oldest swindles in the book -- just ask anyone who buys street drugs!

[dweller]

22. isn't the melamine also used as a cleaning agent?

following links last nite i saw that it was, could the machinery used to produce these pet foods be contaminated from a cleaning solvent?

:shrug:

dp

[eppur_se_muova]

30. You know ... sometimes the STUPIDEST explanation is the right one.

People have been assuming that rodenticide was added to the wheat or wheat gluten to keep rats from eating it, or that rat poison or fertilizer in the fields where the wheat was grown was caught up in the harvest and processed with the wheat. In other words, assuming carelessness or accident -- maybe because that's the only way WE can imagine a poison winding up in pet food. But there are plenty of people who can imagine otherwise:

They've got a ton of melamine (or whatever) due to overproduction.

It's is a white powder, looks almost like flour--or wheat gluten.

Wheat gluten sells at a decent enough price.

"Let's mix the melamine into the wheat gluten. Who's gonna know?"

"OK."

So the dumbass swindlers get paid food money for what is, basically, surplus/trash. Similar things have always happened.

[kestrel91316]

35. I can't link to anything on the private website for vets, it's

a paid membership.

[whistle]

28. Melamine is most certainly NOT a food!!!

<snip>

1. What is melamine?
Melamine is a white powder with unique properties - the chemical compound melamine (triamino-triazine - C3N6H6), consisting of carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen.

The German scientist Justus von Liebig first synthesized a compound in the 1830s and called it melamine. Commercial interest and synthesis of the compound started in 1937. Nowadays melamine is an important starting material for the production of synthetic thermosetting products worldwide. Melamine is often used as a brand name.



2. What are typical properties of melamine?
Melamine enables the creation of hard, glossy surfaces which are durable and hardwearing. Melamine surfaces and products are safe, hygienic, non-allergic and highly resistant to heat, chemicals and moisture. Melamine in glues for wood-based panels contributes to achieving low-emissions targets.



3. How is MelaminebyDSM produced?
DSM produces melamine in a low-pressure, catalytic, gas-phase process. The starting materials for the production of melamine are natural gas and carbon dioxide. Urea is used as a feedstock in a highly sophisticated DSM proprietary poduction processes. A shortened liquid-phase process technology has been developed and is utilized for additional production units.



4. What is melamine mainly used for?
The main use of melamine is as a reactive intermediate for the manufacturing of melamine-formaldehyde (MF) and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resins. Most melamine-based resins are used in decorative surface laminates and in adhesives for the production of water- and moisture-resistant wood-based panels.

The wood-based panel industry supplies end-markets such as the construction industry with boards, panels and beams. The majority of these panels are surfaced with durable, hardwearing decorated melamine papers. Panels and laminates are used as kitchen worktops and tabletops, and for furniture, flooring and wall coverings.


5. What else is melamine used for?
Melamine and melamine resins are also used as:

- A thermosetting compound for making "melamine" dinnerware
- Cross-linking additives in coatings for cars, cans and coils
- Additives for paper and textiles
- Water-reducing concrete admixtures (liquefying agents)

Melamine powder is used as:

- Flame-retardant additives for foams (e.g., in furniture and mattresses)
and plastics
- A starting material for many derivatives and compounds in a multitude
of chemical applications


<MORE>
http://www.dsm.com/en_US/html/dmm/faq_page.htm

[NorthernSpy]

6. good post, eppur_se_muova!

Your posts are very informative!

:toast:


Interesting little fact: this source says that the toxic cancer drug methotrexate (which as I understand it acts sort of like aminopterin as a folic acid antimetabolite) is a derivative 2,4,5,6-tetraminopyrimidine.

[kestrel91316]

9. I passed this stuff on to VIN for the toxicologists to have a gander at.

[WiseButAngrySara]

15. Good! ....n/t

[The River]

18. Our Entire Food Supply

is endangered.
We've seen contaminated spinach, pet food, peanut butter
and who knows what that wasn't detected/reported. Fast food chains are
selling nutritional garbage (even if it isn't tainted) and making
people sick.
Add in the rising cost of fuel to grow/transport our food and
it wont be long before people will be starving here in the
United States of Obesity.

[Dyanci]

36. We have small amounts of plastics, pesticides, hebicides in our food now!,

[Duer 157099]

23. I'm not sure I'm following your thinking on this

One thing to remember about organic chemistry, is that ultimately many compounds look very similar superficially -- because after all, there are very few atoms involved (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, primarily) and there are correspondingly very few structural conformations (mostly 5- and 6-atom rings, and linear/branched carbon chains).

The point being, that it's more unusual to find compounds that *don't" look similar.

Comparing an aromatic ring that has 2 nitrogens to one with 3 nitrogens is (in general) a superficial comparison, because in reality, the 3rd nitrogen makes the compound quite different. And, it'd be no trivial event to tear those two rings apart.

On the other hand, if you're saying that the tests being used to determine the presence of one molecule or the other, if the test is based on those amino groups, then in general, yes, they both have 2 amino groups hanging off the ring in the same (presumably) conformation -- although again, even here, they might look the same in 2-dimensions, but their 3-D conformations might be significantly different because of the other atoms in the aminopterin.

Just a reminder to be careful in how you might be looking at this.

[Matariki]

24. Do you know if it's certain that the melamine was in the wheat gluten?

is it possible that the pet food company is using some sort of non-organic filler in the food?

[whistle]

29. Such as ground up powdered melamine dinnerware?

....The profit motive can drive corporate decision makers in very strange directions especially when accountability and corporate responsibility go unchallenged under Federal oversight such as what the Bush administration has allowed and pushed for.

[Matariki]

37. Or ground up fiberboard?

or recycled plastic waste? who knows, maybe they thought plastic would just pass through a cats digestion without any harm? Maybe the company did it and is blaming the Chinese or maybe it was added to the wheat gluten in China?

[sendero]

25. What I'm wondering..

... is how much of this crap got in the HUMAN food supply. I'm betting not zero.

[Cobalt Violet]

33. That's what I think too.

I have to go back and reread all the labels of everything again and stop eating wheat gluten.

[Holly_Hobby]

31. Do you know anything about nanotubes?

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&ie=ISO-8859-1&q=melamine%2C+nanotubes&btnG=Search

[eppur_se_muova]

40. Who, me? I haven't kept up. It's more engineering than science now.

i.e. no new secrets to discover, but new things to design.

[mile18blister]

34. A silver lining?

I never would have asked for this in a million years, but it's possible after losing their beloved pets, people will understand the "Tort Reform" scam. Trial lawyers are very useful in holding greedy corporations responsible. And this incident may remind them that putting cronies and corporate shills in federal agencies (FDA, EPA, USDA) can be deadly.

Again, I don't like the fact that I have to worry about a poisoned food supply, but I hope it wakes up some of the 30%.

[kestrel91316]

38. And let's not forget the worker bees at the EPA, FDA, USDA are there

because they WANT to keep us safe. It's the people at the top, the political appointees, that set overall policy and can (and clearly do) really throw a monkeywrench into enforcement of laws and rules intended to protect us.

FDA has at least 400 people working on solving this mystery. It's currently their #1 project.

If we're lucky, some of the political appointees at the top are having to deal with a few crying children in their OWN families because of this mess. It might be the only thing that would get them to make real change. Otherwise, they are going to put short-term corporate profits ahead of everything else.

[PhilipShore]

39. How about the timing of it going on the market?

My cat definitely got sick from a bag of Nutro or IAMS dry that I purchased around Christmas time, at Kmarts -- I usually fed her Purina dry, that I purchased not from Kmarts, etc. and she did not get sick.

Professional government sponsored militant groups (military brass); make attacks during the holidays, to increase the psychological trauma of the enemy.

As far as I recall, there are now thousands of dangerous Chemicals, that the EPA and FDA don't even test for; because the environment is so polluted, because of the deregulation of the industries, and if it was state sponsored terrorists, you can be sure they used a chemical -- that could not be detected in the pet food.

After, she was fed Nutro, or IAMS she started drinking tons of water -- and the litter box was practically full with urine after a few weeks. I recently -- a few weeks before the pet recall took my cat to the vet, and he did blood work and found no problems with her kidneys, but she has diabetes, because her sugar level is around 250.

But another cat, was bothering her -- so I'm thinking her sugar level went up around 200 points. In any case, he prescribed a all wet meat diet, and gave me a bottle of Acetic Acid/Carbolic Acid/Phos/AC, and after the new diet and medication, she has completely recovered -- and some of the drops; I have not given her 3 times a day as I should, but around 1 a day, and the symptoms stopped, of the frequent urination stopped, and she is back to drinking her normal amount of water.

[Jcrowley]

41. Bump