
Kiribati, a small island nation in the Pacific, knows all too well the dangers of global climate change. In 1999, two of Kiribati’s uninhabited islands, Tebua Tarawa and Abuanea, disappeared beneath rising seas, and the nation’s 33 remaining islands and atolls are at most 6.5 feet above sea level—meaning that Kiribati is likely to be among the first nations to be completely submerged. Its president, Anote Tong, has already implored New Zealand and Australia to accept his constituents as refugees (New Zealand takes in around 75 I-Kiribati a year), saying that climate change and rising sea levels “are no longer a matter of speculation” but “a reality for our people.”

Like Kiribati, Tuvalu could achieve the dubious distinction of being the first country to disappear completely. Fifteen feet above sea level at its highest point, Tuvalu—the smallest country in the world at 10 square miles—is already victim to seawater floods, which poison the barely arable soil and make growing crops even more difficult. Not to mention the increasingly stormy weather rapidly eroding its shores. Despite its size, Tuvalu has been holding larger countries’ feet to the fire in Copenhagen, issuing a strong plea for all world leaders to sign a legally binding agreement.

Island nations aren’t the only countries worried about the effects of rising sea levels. Ho Chi Minh City has been called one of the 10 cities most vulnerable to climate change, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. If the sea level rises the three feet it’s expected to by 2100, one-fifth of Vietnam could be underwater and 22 million people displaced. Already, flooding from the Saigon River is affecting many of Ho Chi Minh City’s nine million residents.

Iceland, Jokulsarlon. Icebergs that originated in the vast expanse of the Vatnajokull decay and melt in a tidal lagoon.

The 300-foot-tall calving face of Alaska's Columbia Glacier as of June 2006. Since 1984, the glacier has retreated 10 miles (17km), a process caused by interaction between global warming and glacier dynamics. The mountainside in the middle distance has a trimline revealing that the glacier was 1,300 feet (400m) thicker at its maximum in 1984. (Greenish snow-covered vegetation is above the trimline and uniform grey rock is below the trimline.)

Aerial view of crevasses and seracs on the surface of Columbia Glacier, near Valdez, Alaska.

Aerial view of meltwater on the surface of Columbia Glacier in Alaska. The water is colored by varying concentrations of sediment.

Aerial view of melting, eroding ice blocks at Number One Lake on the eastern branch of Columbia Glacier in Alaska.