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Question, though: Is the EPA a legislative agency? Does the head of the EPA get nominated and appointed by Congress, and routinely report to Congress, having his/her usual work load and activities constrained and imposed by communications from Congress, perhaps Pelosi or Reid? Or does the EPA execute the laws, have its head appointed by the President (even if s/he's confirmed by Congress), and routinely report to the Executive branch?
If it's legislative, then it's certainly under the purview of Congress, just as courts are part of the judicial branch. Then it's primary job is writing legislation, researching things required by Congressfolk and issuing reports that individual Congressfolk requested, or otherwise spends its time doing footwrook and investigations at the behest of Congressfolk.
But if it's executive in function, then it's under the purview of the Executive Branch. And that means the President, even though he and it operate in accordance with laws that were made by the Congress and signed by the President. It seems to me that the EPA, and most other such agencies, spend much of their time investigating in order to provide enforcement of the laws. That means they execute the law, and aren't involved in producing the law.
Constitution, Article II, section 1: "The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America."
The entire "unitary Executive" business is over how much executive authority the Congress has, and how it's shared with the Executive--and ultimately is based on Article II, sect. 1. We could just as easily ponder the nature of the "unitary Legislative", an idea that we endlessly defend here when we claim that signing statements and other * acts violate the unitary Legislative (even though we don't call it that). Oddly enough, conservatives make the same claim that the uL's authority is encroached upon, but by the courts, not by the Executive.
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