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Not as many as some would like; most of the "bad" don't make it through the licensing process and the first few years of teaching. Half of the ranks of new teachers quit the profession within 5 years.
Of course, those that are left are not all perfect; we're human beings. Still, there are not that many truly "bad" teachers in the ranks. "Bad," to me, means causing harm. It doesn't mean inadequate.
If you want to talk about the quality of teaching, you need to frame it differently, and use different words.
Many of the inadequate or incompetent, as opposed to "bad" are not fired. Their contracts are simply not renewed. In the teaching profession, jobs are filled before school starts. Last minute jobs are filled by "temporary" employees. They are hired for the year. Full time employees have contracts. At the end of each year, we get a letter saying that our contract is being renewed for the following year...or not. If our contract is renewed, we sign a document accepting that contract. If we don't plan to return, we don't accept the renewal. Or we renew the contract, interview over the summer, and resign if we find one we like better.
Most of our contracts are automatically renewed. We have to prove ourselves first, though. In most districts, a teacher is "probationary" for at least 3 years, with the contract renewed after a performance review each spring. That gives the district 3 years to determine the competence of the teacher, and decide whether that teacher gets "tenure;" an automatic renewal of contract.
That gives a district plenty of time to non-renew incompetent teachers. That doesn't mean that those who get "tenure" aren't evaluated and can't be fired. Since they've already proven their professional competence to the district, the district has to bring evidence to the table at that point, and go through due process.
Unless there is crime or blatant abuse involved, a district will usually choose to leave a teacher in the classroom for the duration of the year, and then not renew the contract for the following year. They do this because it's hard to find good teachers to step into that role mid-year. They're already working under contract in other classrooms. Filling rooms with long-term subs, or a string of subs, can be worse than leaving a weak teacher in place.
I've also seen teachers (and admins) transferred when they simply weren't a good fit for the particular position or school. This can be problematic if they are truly unredeemable, since they are still somewhere in the system. It's convenient at the site level for removing a problem, but doesn't solve the larger problem. In some cases, the person is fine in the next position. In some, not.
Here are a couple of the firings I've seen over the years:
My union president was fired, with the full support of the entire union. He got busted for a crime against a minor. Not a student.
A fellow teacher was removed mid-year, with the full support of his colleagues. He was verbally abusive.
Here's one of the MANY whose contracts were not renewed:
A fellow teacher's contract was not renewed after her probationary period. She was a weak teacher. She was not only weak, she was lazy. Her first graders spent too much time filling in blanks on worksheets and very little time interacting with her. She spent too much time at her desk away from students. She was resistant to intervention and suggestions for improvement, so she was gone.
Here are a few transfers:
A principal transferred to a position at the district office, no longer working directly with teachers or students. He had several years, and more than one school, in which he offended his teachers and his families, and the district was tired of putting out his fires, so they moved him up the ladder. This is one of the problems with the system; those who CAN'T are often moved up into positions that dictate to those who CAN.
Another principal, much the same as the one above, who lasted years longer on school sites because his dad had been a career teacher, then administrator in the district. He didn't get a transfer to the D.O., though. After 3 school transfers, he was fired.
Those 2 examples are not teachers, of course. They are admins. It's on point, though, because principals in most states and districts, unlike Arne Duncan, are expected to have been teachers for a few years first. I worked in one district that abolished planning periods for elementary teachers, added PE to their academic duties, and placed all those displaced PE teachers into administrative positions. For several years, every principal I worked for and was evaluated by had never taught in a classroom, just in the gym. If you want valid evaluations, you need someone who knows the job to do the evaluating. A particularly important point considering the "effectiveness rating" just conducted and published by the L.A. Times and Richard Buddin.
Which brings me to another transfer: One of the teachers was a screamer. That was his classroom management plan: when someone did something he didn't like, he screamed at them, much like a drill sargeant in boot camp. His words were not abusive; just the way he delivered them. His instruction was sound. He was warned, advised, and counseled about the screaming. When our principal started spending more and more time in his room, and documenting things for his personnel file, he transferred. He repeated that pattern for a few years, finished an administrative credential, and became a principal in another district. I never heard what happened to his career when he left our district. If I were to predict, it would be that he transferred to a few schools and was moved to a position at the D.O., out of direct contact with teachers and families.
The most recent transfer I observed was of one of my teaching partners, 2 years ago. I agreed with the transfer. I liked the teacher and recognized his strengths...there were many. He's highly gifted. That was a strength, but also an obstacle. He's a type-A personality, a perfectionist, and lacks patience. I recognize those qualities, because I have each of them to some degree myself. He was also very, er...alpha male. He wasn't sexist; he supported his strong girls, and worried about weak girls. He did seem to prefer the alpha males in his class, those extroverted, athletic jock types, and he was impatient with the quiet, more introverted, even those who were gifted themselves. He was a math teacher, and didn't really relate to those who were more creative, more "out of the box," more imaginative.
None of that made him a "bad" teacher. He was an excellent teacher. As far as test scores go, our students had the top math scores in our district, every year, despite our low SES population. His personality, and style, were just a better fit for some students than others. That's true for all teachers. I was a good team member for him, because while I work well with all students, my strength has always been with those introverted, out-of-the box students that he was impatient with. So, like all students, while they had one class each day that they tolerated, they had another that they looked forward to.
The incident that earned the transfer was with one of those non-traditional students. A huge young man who dwarfed us all, he was highly gifted and incredibly lazy. His grades were always teetering on the brink because he simply did very little. That didn't mean he wasn't learning; he learned faster than the rest. He just couldn't be bothered to demonstrate that learning. That drove his math teacher crazy, and one day he yelled at him. Something along the lines of "If you're not going to do anything, just get out. Go to the office." The student stood up and said something along the lines of "You can't kick me out of class. I didn't do anything wrong." This was the point that my former partner made the wrong choice. At this point, it was two males facing each other down. The teacher wasn't going to lose status or respect by having this young man "win." So he told him again to leave, the student refused, and as this went on, the teacher moved closer and closer, until he grabbed the young man and moved him towards the door. The student didn't like being touched, and pushed the teacher. The teacher manhandled him out of the room and then called the office.
He handled it wrong. He should NEVER have laid hands on a student that wasn't causing immediate harm. He was in the wrong. He had to face legal action by the students' parents, and he was transferred into a newly opened position working with teachers analyzing assessment data, using that data to create goals and lessons to meet those goals. A good position for him, playing to his strengths. He finished out the 6 weeks left of that year first, with the full support of all parents except the parents of the young man. That young man was put on independent study for math; he spent that time in my room, working independently, and I sent his work to his math teacher periodically.
I agreed with that transfer. He's a good man, and a good teacher. He used poor judgment in one instance, allowing himself to be ruled by testosterone instead of his usual good sense. The grant that funded his non-classroom position is coming to an end. He's expressed a desire to be back in the classroom. I think that would be fine. A good man, a good teacher, can learn from that mistake. I think he has, and it would be a waste of his talents to destroy his career.
Sometimes teachers who should be let go aren't, because there's not enough evidence to make the case. In our country, there is a presumption of innocence until proven guilty. If a teacher is bad enough to be fired or let go, it's the admin's job to gather that evidence. If it's not happening, the focus should be on the admin for not doing their jobs.
There's another reasons a teacher who should be let go retains his position: if there is a teacher shortage, the district may not be able to find a better teacher to take that position. Every classroom has to be staffed. In areas with shortages, districts will fill classrooms with any warm body who has a license, because there is no one else. This isn't likely to be the case currently, when teachers are being cut all over the nation because of budget cuts. It's usually the result of fast growth, adding more classrooms than the pool of teachers in that area can support.
While my examples are also anecdotal, my time working in public education provides concrete proof that teachers are fired and "let go" when warranted in most cases. They also help to put real faces and real situations on the debate. These ARE real people we're talking about. There's no such thing as a "perfect" teacher, just as there is no such thing as a perfect human being. In the current climate, even the best teachers could be fired because some teacher hater found an imperfection.
That doesn't "improve" public education. It just makes witch hunts legitimate.
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