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I think is rooted in basic survival instincts from when humans started living in groups. The "deferee" walking down the jungle path is bigger, stronger, sexier, wealthier, more powerful, and the "deferer" immediately exhibits subtle, call it body language to acknowledge the superiority of the deferee, thereby confirming for the deferee that he/she is perceived superior, when in fact the deferee might be quite vulnerable. With this acknowledgment, perhaps "altruism" will kick in and the deferee will spare the deferer's life on the jungle path, thereby meeting the deferer's need--to survive to conive to gain deferee status. But it doesn't mean necessarily the deferee couldn't be dominated--the belief by the deferer of the deferee's superiority will be enough to enable the deferee to survive. It's either defer or confront.
Deference on the part of the deferer can be beneficial to the deferer, giving the deferer another day to "improve" or determine a way to climb to dominance.
And, as I'm sure you know, it is a long story about the assimiliation of instinct into culture proper. How far back do you want to go?
I see two things right quick as to why we don't have a worker's self-identification or consciousness. One is because we believe "inside the box" what we were told was our station in life and accepted it without question. The second is low self-esteem, believing that whatever effort we put forth is "for nothing" against the strength of deferees. And media is very effective at promoting both.
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