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From my frame of reference, as I understand it (and again, this is a 30-something perspective, so I'm limited by my personal education and experiences):
Part of how the US became such a powerhouse is *because* we were willing to exploit slave labor (literally), "appropriate" a continent's resources by force, and amass capital via violence and labor exploitation for the first 240 years of the country, and continue to do so.
While the Ford story is compelling, I can't help but wonder how much of it is a romanticized perspective, where some segments of US society have always been exploited, marginalized, and what we are seeing now is merely a continuation of that trend. We can look back on the 50's and marvel at the American standard of living then... if we're measuring by the white, male, middle class standard, in industrial areas. Loggers still lived on subsistence wages in pacific coast company towns, miners were still dying at young ages in the south and east, and farmers were scratching out a living on the backs of migrant farmhands all over the country... to say nothing of the exploitation of minorities that was (and still is, though to a lesser extent) rampant.
Looking at a larger trend in the story of the United States, we have Standard Oil, Railroad barons, Steel Magnates, Fruit kings, and even (in terms of car companies) the eventual "Big Three" destroying jobs and businesses around the country in pursuit of their own power. Depending on the time frame, different entities were exploiting different groups (to the benefit of other groups), but I can't think of a time when there weren't significant examples of large scale corporations or businesses exploiting workforces to benefit others. Perhaps one thing that has changed, and possibly accelerated this trend, is more readily available transportation and communication. Perhaps another thing that has changed is that legal structures were enacted that required less exploitation of domestic minorities for the benefit of the middle class, leading to companies seeking out other venues where it was still legal to exploit women, children, and minority ethnic groups.
A bigger change in manufacturing, as well (occurring with greater complexity over the last 130 years) is the displacement of workers with machinery. Initially (referring back to automotive manufacturing), craftsmen were replaced with assembly lines. This made assembly line workers happy, but it destroyed the wages of craftsmen. Later, as assembly lines improved in efficiency, less and less skill was required, and the more skilled workers were phased out. This made the workers (who still had jobs) happy, but like the craftsmen before them, many were displaced in the name of efficiency. This cycle continued, until eventually a great number of jobs were automated to a degree where robotics would displace human labor, or marginalized "slave labor" (which is available globally) was more profitable for the company.
Looking inward, in terms of my own career, I've been in software development for 20 years, which has been something of a global workforce for a while now, simply because the workplace is often so virtualized that geography is more of an inconvenience than an impediment. I don't have a nice TV, I live in a smallish residence, I can't really afford "vacations", I've never purchased an item of furniture worth more than $100, I haven't had healthcare for years, and travel for work is simply part of the job... but I'm thankful to have gotten lucky (?) enough to have landed in an industry which constantly displaces itself *with* itself, rather than displacing itself geographically or mechanically. In terms of social responsibility, I generally prefer to work for smaller companies, simply because those are the corporations that do still worry about their community, about their workers... even if the community is a virtual one.
Sorry about the rambling, and thanks for the brain food!
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