The President very deliberately reversed the dynamic, forcing the Republicans to pass the law
first, and only having a chance to change the details if they dealt honestly in the budget super committee.
The Republicans had no interest in working honestly in the committee. Their only real objective was to extend tax cuts for the rich before that issue totally destroys them in the next election.
That didn't work, and now they've f%&^ked over their most important supporters. The moment they did, the President wisely took compromise off the table, which he can easily do because his veto will never be overridden.
Now the Republicans have
two dynasty-ending problems: they're going to get killed on the tax cut issue, and they have to kiss up to Congressional Democrats and the President--in an election year--if they want to get funding for their most important supporters re-appropriated.
Part of what makes it one of the smoothest political moves I've ever seen is that the President found a lock-tight way to use the Republicans' dishonest ways against them. He knew Republicans don't actually give a shit about the deficit or the debt ceiling--our national debt was to
be paid down by now had Bush not stolen the election in 2000.
The President also knew that the Republicans are so beholden to special interests that they can't suggest cutting
anything except programs that help the downtrodden; in 2010 they couldn't even supply a budget counter-proposal that had numbers in it.
So when they took the economy hostage to get their tax cuts back, the President instead assigned them the task of fixing the problem they created, knowing they can't without damaging their own political base, and made them agree to the President's own plan if they didn't. And now it's all right there for the world to see.
I have no doubt some of that money will be returned to Defense, but it will be returned by Democratic legislators, with the approval of the President. And every Defense lobbyist in DC knows it, just in time to advise their clients not to fund Republican reelection campaigns next year.