The first march was proposed in 1941 by A. Philip Randolph, president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. Blacks had benefited less than other groups from New Deal programs during the Great Depression, and continuing racial discrimination excluded them from defense jobs in the early 1940s. When President Franklin D. Roosevelt showed little inclination to take action on the problem, Randolph called for a March on Washington by fifty thousand people.
After repeated efforts to persuade Randolph and his fellow leaders that the march would be inadvisable, Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802 in June 1941, forbidding discrimination by any defense contractors and establishing the Fair Employment Practices Committee (fepc) to investigate charges of racial discrimination. The March on Washington was then canceled. Nearly 2 million blacks were employed in defense work by the end of 1944. Order 8802 represented a limited victory, however; the fepc went out of existence in 1946.
http://www.history.com/topics/march-on-washingtonSupposedly, Eleanor was very much pro-equal rights, but Franklin did not want the "Solid South" to leave the Democratic Party over equal rights for African Americans.
As we know, the Bonus Army had marched on Washington while Hoover was President, camping out in the capitol of the nation it had served in the most horrific of all wars, World War I. The occupiers were met with brutal treatment by Generals Eisenhower and MacArthur, the comrades in arms of the members of the Bonus Army. (A PBS program said that was not what Hoover intended--that he had only told the generals to clear the area and they had overreacted.)
Yeah, right. Generals back then were so very mavericky when their Commander in Chief told them to do something. And generals never made sure they understood exactly what the CIC wanted before brutalizing their fellow World War I veterans.
:sarcasm:
That is just one example of how co-opted PBS is now, after Bush, Koch,
et al., even though some individual shows are excellent.
Anyway....
It seems to me that government throws us a bone when it fears insurrection, as it did in 1929 and as the momentum in the Civil Rights movement proved to grow and grow, instead of dissipating. And perhaps as did Roosevelt when the first March on Washington for equal rights was threatened.
The surveillance/security state probably lessens those fears, as does sowing hatred among one segment of the population against others. The more they can divide us, the more bitter they can make the divisions, the better off they are--and the better off they are, the worse off we are.