countries."
http://www.economist.com/node/17957381?story_id=17957381&fsrc=rssMr Strauss-Kahn then bemoaned “a large and growing chasm between rich and poor—especially within countries”. He argued that inequitable distribution of wealth could “wear down the social fabric”. He added:
“More unequal countries have worse social indicators, a poorer human-development record, and higher degrees of economic insecurity and anxiety.”That marks a huge shift.
Just before the financial crisis America’s Congress was gaily cutting taxes for the highest earners, and Tony Blair, Britain’s prime minister, said he did not care how much soccer players earned so long as he could reduce child poverty. So why has fear of inequality stormed back into fashion? Does it matter in some new way? Does it have previously unknown effects?
The economists Emmanuel Saez and Thomas Piketty studied the incomes of the top 0.1% of earners in America, Britain and France in 1913-2008.
America’s super-rich, they found, were earning about 8% of the country’s total income at the end of the period—the same share as during the Gilded Era of the 1920s and up from around 2% in the 1960s. A study by the Economic Policy Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC, looked at the ratio of the average incomes of the rich and the “bottom” 90% of the population between 1980 and 2006. It found that the top 1% earned ten times more than the rest at the start of the period and 20 times as much at the end—ie, its “premium” doubled. But
for the top 0.1% the gain rose from 20 times the earnings of the lower 90% to almost 80-fold.Nordic countries have low income inequality and not too much status competition. But one can also imagine societies with narrow income disparities that are riddled with status conflict. The old Soviet Union is a vivid example. The inverse is conceivable too: countries with large income disparities but less status conflict, perhaps because competition is smoothed by social mobility. Arguably America fitted that description until recently. Overall though, it is true that in most places growing income disparities are a reasonable proxy for growing status competition.
Interesting that a society with a great deal of social mobility may be able to tolerate a higher level of income inequality than one with limited social mobility. The US has become one one with the highest income inequality in the developed world and lower social mobility than exists in Europe and Canada.