Is protectionism a Progressive value and rate the candidates on trade

[andym]

First, I'd like to ask if protectionism is a Progressive value, and if so how important a value?

I ask because historically, it was a traditional Republican policy for many years. FDR and his reformist free-market Democratic party reversed the high tariff policy promoted by laws such as Smoot-Hawley. Smoot-Hawley is thought to have contributed to the deepening of the Great Depression by triggering a trade war that slowed international commerce.

My second question is how does being anti-NAFTA, anti-China as a preferred trading partner, relate to protectionism? The obvious answer that opposition to NAFTA etc is a move toward protectionism, but only in response to the excesses of free trade.

My third question, is how does protectionism impact jobs? Obviously, certain jobs in certain industries can be "protected" by appropriate trade policy (that's why certain labor unions have always favored special tariffs), but how serious is the potential downside if other nations retaliate against strong American industries?

Fourth, how do the remaining candidates rate as Progressives with respect to this issue, and when this issue is not considered?

Fifth, wouldn't a reward-based strategy work better than a punishment strategy to create a non-traditional kind of protectionism. For example, Clark proposed tax breaks for companies who kept jobs in America and did not outsource them. Who else supports this kind of approach? The advantage is that this approach is less likely to incur direct retaliation.